日本の中小企業の海外進出の現状と最新トレンド

1. 概要

日本には約336万社の中小企業がありますが、そのうち海外展開を行っている企業は約30~40万社(約1割)と推定されています。

海外進出の形態も変化しており、

  • 現地法人設立
  • 販売代理店の活用
  • 輸出
  • OEM・生産委託
  • 越境EC
  • SaaSやデジタルサービスの海外販売

など、必ずしも大規模な投資を伴わない形態が増えています。

近年は「安価な生産拠点の確保」から「海外市場での売上拡大」へと目的がシフトしています。

2. 海外進出している企業数

経済産業省「海外事業活動基本調査」によると、2024年度末の日本企業の海外現地法人は 25,745社 存在しています。

  • 製造業:10,984社(42.7%)
  • 非製造業:14,761社(57.3%)

海外展開企業全体では、現地法人を持たない輸出企業も含めると約30~40万社と推計されています。

3. 主な進出先の国・地域

地域構成比
アジア68.4%
北米12.8%
欧州10.8%
その他8.0%

4. 最近のトレンド

① 中国依存からASEANシフト
 ASEAN10の比率は14年連続で拡大しており、中国の比率は縮小しています。
② 非製造業が製造業を上回る
 海外現地法人の57.3%が非製造業となっており、サービス産業の存在感が高まっています。
③ 「生産拠点」から「市場開拓」へ
 従来は、「日本 → 海外工場 → 日本へ輸出」というモデルが中心でした。現在は、「日本 → 海外市場へ直接販売」が主流になっています。
④ IT・SaaS企業の海外進出増加
 近年は、ソフトウェア・AI・サイバーセキュリティ・クラウドサービスなど、工場を持たない企業でも海外展開しやすくなっています。

5. まとめ

項目構成比
中小企業数約336万社
海外展開企業数約30~40万社
海外現地法人25,745社
主な業種製造業、卸売業、サービス業、IT
主な進出先中国、ASEAN、米国、欧州
最近のトレンド中国依存低下、ASEAN拡大、非製造業増加、デジタル輸出拡大
成長分野IT、SaaS、AI、サイバーセキュリティ、越境EC

現在、日本の中小企業の海外進出は「工場を海外に作る時代」から、「海外市場に売る時代」へと移行していることが大きな特徴です。

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According to the university, the device managed by the research laboratory was subjected to unauthorized access and is believed to have been infected with ransomware. As a result, the university stated that it cannot rule out the possibility that the names of 43 patients from Kyushu University Hospital, along with surgical video data stored on the device, may have been leaked to external parties.

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Interop Tokyo is one of Japan’s largest IT industry events, attracting approximately 500 exhibitors from Japan and overseas each year, with more than 136,000 attendees.

This year’s key themes included Security, Network Infrastructure, AI Infrastructure & Data Centers, Cloud Native, Enterprise DX, Generative AI & AIOps, and IoT.

SoftBank had a large booth featuring several of its technology partners, including Wiz, Zscaler, Netskope, Palo Alto Networks, and CrowdStrike, which showcased their products and solutions.

Macnica and Cato Networks also shared a joint booth at the event.

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Japan’s Top 10 Information Security Threats for Organizations are as follows:

  1. Damage caused by ransomware attacks
  2. Attacks targeting supply chains and outsourced service providers
  3. Cybersecurity risks associated with the use of AI
  4. Attacks exploiting system vulnerabilities
  5. Targeted attacks aimed at stealing confidential information
  6. Cyberattacks driven by geopolitical risks
  7. Information leakage and other incidents caused by insider threats
  8. Attacks targeting remote work environments and related systems
  9. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks
  10. Threats arising from the release of software patches or the end of product support

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On the same day, the following insurance companies disclosed details of the incident:

  • Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Company, Limited
  • Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
  • Sompo Japan Insurance Inc..